Los números figurados

Este trabajo es una aproximación a los números figurados como sistema simbólico de representación de números naturales, con el fin de expresar algunos aspectos conceptuales y procedimentales y explicitar actividades cognitivas que surgen de manera natural al trabajar con este sistema. Se consideran algunos tópicos matemáticos concretos en donde con este sistema simbólico figurativo se trabaja de manera significativa como: multiplicación de naturales, números primos y compuestos, sucesiones de números naturales y la iniciación a la noción de término general de una sucesión y su simbolización, que es clave en el paso de la aritmética al álgebra. Un patrón de representación da origen a una familia de números caracterizados porque todos son representados según ese modelo. Por ejemplo los números triangulares y los números cuadrados satisfacen unas determinadas reglas de formación que pueden expresarse geométricamente, aritméticamente, algebraicamente o mediante una relación de recurrencia

Synchronization of coupled noisy oscillators: Coarse-graining from continuous to discrete phases

The theoretical description of synchronization phenomena often relies on coupled units of continuous time noisy Markov chains with a small number of states in each unit. It is frequently assumed, either explicitly or implicitly, that coupled discrete-state noisy Markov units can be used to model mathematically more complex coupled noisy continuous phase oscillators. In this work we explore conditions that justify this assumption by coarse-graining continuous phase units. In particular, we determine the minimum number of states necessary to justify this correspondence for Kuramoto-like oscillators

Velocity Distribution in a Viscous Granular Gas

We investigate the velocity relaxation of a viscous one-dimensional granular gas, that is, one in which neither energy nor momentum is conserved in a collision. Of interest is the distribution of velocities in the gas as it cools, and the time dependence of the relaxation behavior. A Boltzmann equation of instantaneous binary collisions leads to a two-peaked distribution with each peak relaxing to zero velocity as 1/t while each peak also narrows as 1/t. Numerical simulations of grains on a line also lead to a double-peaked distribution that narrows as 1/t. A Maxwell approximation leads to a single-peaked distribution about zero velocity with power-law wings. This distribution narrows exponentially. In either case, the relaxing distribution is not of Maxwell-Boltzmann form

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Combat-Related PTSD

The purpose of this project was to conduct a literature review of the empirical research on adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by examining whether ACE affects combat-related PTSD prevalence and severity, protective factors, as well as current practices for assessing ACE in combat veterans. A literature search to identify studies published between 1987 and 2015 yielded a total of 53 articles that met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The existing literature reveals that ACE was experienced by a significant number of combat veterans with PTSD. It further showed that preventive and early intervention assessments and treatments should be implemented for combat veterans upon return from deployment and when seeking treatment for PTSD and PTSD-related mental health problems. Future research should focus on the importance and value of assessment of all lifetime trauma, not simply combat-exposure related trauma. \ud Keywords: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), adverse childhood experiences (ACE), combat veterans, protective factors, predictors, screening, assessmentsSocial Wor

Improvement in educational performance through wearable-based flow predictive models

Flow Theory has been used to study motivation in educational activities. However, few studies use physiological data to uncover unknown aspects of said data in any context, and isolated individuals are involved as well. In this paper, we present some of the results obtained from two control groups corresponding to two full primary education classrooms, as well as their teacher, using a quasi-experimental design. They participated in two training activities with different instructional designs and three different STEAM subjects: graphic design, video game design using Roblox Studio, and educational robotics. In this sense, the heart rate, its variability, data from accelerometers, and the educational activities carried out by the teacher have been automatically recorded for each participant at every second. To achieve this, we used smartwatches connected to Polar H10 sensors as well as our own apps. At the end of each session, everyone answered the Flow FKS and EduFlow prevalence questionnaires, and the teacher kept a class journal. Through this, we aim to understand whether the Flow Theory models derived from the FKS and EduFlow scales are valid from a physiological standpoint, as well as to develop classification and predictive models based on artificial intelligence that will allow for educational performance improvement of students in future research

Middle Cranial Fossa Anatomy and the Origin of Modern Humans

Anatomically, modern humans differ from archaic forms in possessing a globular neurocranium and a retracted face and in cognitive functions, many of which are associated with the temporal lobes. The middle cranial fossa (MCF) interacts during growth and development with the temporal lobes, the midface, and the mandible. It has been proposed that evolutionary transformations of the MCF (perhaps from modification of the temporal lobes) can have substantial influences on craniofacial morphology. Here, we use three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometrics and computer reconstructions of computed tomography-scanned fossil hominids, fossil and recent modern humans and chimpanzees to address this issue further. Mean comparisons and permutation analyses of scaled 3D basicranial landmarks confirm that the MCF of Homo sapiens is highly significantly different (P < 0.001) from H. neanderthalensis, H. heidelbergensis, and Pan troglodytes. Modern humans have a unique configuration with relatively more anterolateral projection of the MCF pole relative to the optic chiasm and the foramen rotundum. These findings are discussed in the context of evolutionary changes in craniofacial morphology and the origins of modern human autapomorphies. In particular, the findings of this study point to variations in the temporal lobe, which, through effects on the MCF and face, are central to the evolution of modern human facial form.Anthropolog

A new re-usable shallow foundation for light loads: load tests and analysis

An innovative re-usable shallow foundation system for light loads has been developed consisting of a concrete block and four steel tubes driven into the ground at different orientations. The interaction between the block, the tubes and the enclosed soil ensures a significant enhancement of the bearing capacity compared to that of an equivalent conventional shallow foundation. The paper reports the results of two load tests (compression and tension) carried out to study the performance of the system. The interpretation of the test is assisted by the performance of 3D numerical analyses capable of reproducing satisfactorily the field observations. The results of the analyses have allowed an estimation of a limit load below which the foundation system can be re-used.Postprint (published version

Collection and integration of local knowledge and experience through a collective spatial analysis

This article discusses the convenience of adopting an approach of Collective Spatial Analysis in the P/PGIS processes, with the aim of improving the collection and integration of knowledge and local expertise in decision-making, mainly in the fields of planning and adopting territorial policies. Based on empirical evidence, as a result of the review of scientific articles from the Web of Science database, in which it is displayed how the knowledge and experience of people involved in decision-making supported by P/PGIS are collected and used, a prototype of a WEB-GSDSS application has been developed. This prototype allows a group of people to participate anonymously, in an asynchronous and distributed way, in a decision-making process to locate goods, services, or events through the convergence of their views. Via this application, two case studies for planning services in districts of Ecuador and Italy were carried out. Early results suggest that in P/PGIS local and external actors contribute their knowledge and experience to generate information that afterwards is integrated and analysed in the decision-making process. On the other hand, in a Collective Spatial Analysis, these actors analyse and generate information in conjunction with their knowledge and experience during the process of decision-making. We conclude that, although the Collective Spatial Analysis approach presented is in a subjective and initial stage, it does drive improvements in the collection and integration of knowledge and local experience, foremost among them is an interdisciplinary geo-consensusPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Porphyry’s Doctrine on Salvation: Characteristics and Limits of platonist Universalism

El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar una serie de claves sobre la relación entre el cristianismo y el paganismo, a comienzos de la Antigüedad Tardía, a través de un estudio sobre la obra del filósofo neoplatónico Porfirio. En primer lugar, analizaremos las dimensiones de las disputas anticristianas del filósofo para indicar, posteriormente, cómo estas se articulan a través del problema de la salvación. Daremos una breve caracterización de la salvación en el sistema filosófico de Porfirio. Finalmente, comentaremos cómo las diferencias que el neoplatónico y los cristianos dieron al mismo problema indican la fractura insuperable entre dos modelos discursivos en conflicto que representarán las claves fundamentales de la evolución política y religiosa del Imperio Romano en el tránsito del siglo III al IV.The objective of this work is to provide a series of keys about the relationship between christianity and paganism, at the begining of Late Antiquity, through a study on the neoplatonic philosopher Porphyry’s work. At first place, we will analize the dimensions of the philosopher’s antichristian disputes to indicate, later, how these are articulated through the problem of salvation. We will give a brief characterization of salvation in Porphyry’s philosophical system. Finally, we will comment how the difference that the neoplatonic philosopher and the christians gave to the same problem indicates the insuperable fracture between two discursive models in conflict that will represent the fundamental keys of Roman Empire’s politic and religious evolution during the transition from the third to the fourth century.Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de las ReligionesFac. de FilologíaTRUEunpu